/ Colonic Polyps

COLONIC POLYPS

Colonic polyps refer to a cluster of cells formed along the lining of the large intestine. Generally, colon polyps is harmless. However, over a period of time, it may develop into colon cancer which is often life threatening.

Colon Polyps is of two types:

• Neoplastic Polyps are associated with a higher risk of cancer and can include adenomas. The larger the polyps, greater the risk.
• Non-Neoplastic Polyps generally do not lead to cancer & can include hyper plastic or inflammatory polyps.

Although anybody could develop colon polyp, the risk if higher in older adults above 50 years of age or have a family history of colon polyps or colon cancer.

What are the causes?

In most cases, there are no signs or symptoms for colon polyps. However, some patients may show the following signs:

• Rectal bleeding
• Change in stool colour
• Constipation or Diarrhoea
• Pain in the abdomen
• Iron Deficiency

What are the risk factors?

Certain factors that tend to increase a person’s risk of developing colon polyps are:

• Age - People above the age of 50 are susceptible to developing this disease
• Family History - It is more likely for a person to develop colon polyps if his or her parent or sibling has it
• Obesity & Sedentary lifestyle - People who are obese and do not involve in any form of physical activity are at a higher risk of developing this condition.
• Excessive alcohol consumption & Smoking
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Patients with ulcerative colitis or crohn’s disease tend to develop colon polyps
• Uncontrolled Diabetes put you at risk for multiple complex diseases, one of which is colon polyps

What are the complications?

Colon polyps can lead to cancer. Regular screening is key to detect it in early stages & prevent complications.

How is it diagnosed?

• Colonoscopy is procedure in which a camera is inserted with the help of a thin tube through the anus. This allows the doctor to get a clear view of the rectum & colon. The doctor can either remove the colon polyp if he finds one, or collect a sample tissue for analysis
• Sigmoidoscopy is procedure similar to colonoscopy. However, it cannot be used to take a sample of the tissue. If a colon polyps is found, a colonoscopy will have to be scheduled to remove it.
• Barium Enema: Liquid barium is injected into the rectum before taking an X Ray.
• CT Colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy uses a CT scan to construct images of the colon and rectum.
• Stool test: This test will show if a patient has blood in the stool which is indicative of a polyp.

How is it treated?

Treatment options may include:

• Polypectomy is a process that involves removal with forceps or a wire loop
• Minimally invasive surgery may be used in cases where polyps are large
• Total Proctocolectomy involves surgical removal of colon & rectum.

Can it be prevented?

Regular check ups can significantly cut down your risk of colon polyps. Typically, certain lifestyle changes can also help reduce your chances of developing this disease:

• Eat Right: Include a lot of fruits, vegetables& whole grains in your diet. Cut down on fat intake and alcohol.
• Maintain a healthy body weight: Have a regular exercise routine to stay physically active & maintain your ideal body weight
• Consider getting regular check ups especially colonoscopy if you are genetically predisposed